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Obesity-Related Cancer Incidence Increases in Young Adults

A new study showed that incidence rates are increasing for 6 of the 12 obesity-related cancers in U.S. young adults and that, over time, the increases are occurring in progressively younger ages and successively younger generations. The findings were published in Lancet Public Health.

Pain Management

Smartphone App Helps Patients Manage Cancer Pain

A smartphone app that monitors patients’ self-reported cancer pain and uses artificial intelligence (AI) to differentiate urgent and non-urgent issues and provide real-time recommendations significantly reduced pain and pain-related hospital admissions, researchers reported in an abstract presented at the November 2018 Palliative and Supportive Care in Oncology Symposium in San Diego, CA.

Ancestry Analysis Identifies Genetic Cause for Increased Multiple Myeloma in African Americans

Three cytogenetic subtypes are particularly responsible for the increased incidence of multiple myeloma in people of African descent, according to the results of a study published in Blood Cancer Journal.

Adding Chemo to Immunotherapy May Resensitize Resistant Tumors

Using chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors may reactivate tumors’ responses to immunotherapy, researchers concluded in a review article published in the Annals of Oncology.

Treatment Side Effects

Understand the Evidence for Exercise in Gynecologic Cancer-Related Fatigue

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common overall. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has an estimated prevalence of 50%–90% in all patients and has been reported to affect 17%–33% of women with gynecologic cancers for as long as three to eight years after diagnosis. Many national guidelines from organizations such as the American College of Sports Medicine, American Cancer Society, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and ONS all recommend exercise to improve fatigue in patients with cancer. But no research has synthesized the evidence for exercise as an intervention for fatigue specifically in patients with gynecologic cancers.

Clinical Practice

Hospital-Acquired Conditions Reduced by Nearly 1 Million From 2014–2017

According to an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) analysis, the number of hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) reported in the United States dropped by 910,000 (13%) from 2014–2017.

Federal Furlough Forlorn: Cancer Care’s Constraints

On January 25, 2019, President Trump announced a deal to end the longest U.S. government partial shutdown in history—35 days of closed public places and programs, furloughed or unpaid federal employees, and an apprehensive American nation. What was its impact on health policy and, more specifically, cancer care?

Open Hysterectomy Has Better Outcomes Than Minimally Invasive Surgery in Cervical Cancer

Women with early-stage cervical cancer have higher recurrence rates and worse overall survival with minimally invasive radical hysterectomy than abdominal radical hysterectomy, according to the results of two studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

February 27, 2019

Cancer Risk Factors

Modifying Five Lifestyle Factors Could Change the U.S. Cancer Burden

Tobacco, obesity, alcohol, diet, and physical activity are major risk factors for cancer, yet all are modifiable, according to findings released in a new report from the American Cancer Society. Reducing tobacco use is the highest priority, but interventions for all five risk factors are essential for a comprehensive U.S. cancer control plan.

February 26, 2019

CMS Proposes Medicare Coverage for CAR T-Cell Therapy

To improve access to new cancer therapies and provide national consistency in coverage, on February 15, 2019, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced a proposed plan of coverage with evidence development for CAR T-cell therapy. The public is invited to share comments for the next 30 days.

February 21, 2019

Prostate Cancer

Shorter EBRT for Early Prostate Cancer Has Similar Outcomes

Patients receiving hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for early-stage prostate cancer experienced similar outcomes and toxicities as those receiving standard radiation at lower doses over a longer period of time, the American Society for Radiation Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and American Urological Association say in a new clinical guideline.

February 20, 2019

Genetics & Genomics

Epigenetic Cervical Cancer Test May Be More Accurate Than Pap or HPV Tests

An S5 methylation test detected 100% of grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasms or worse, compared to a 50% detection rate for Pap or human papillomavirus (HPV) tests, according to the results of a recent study reported in the International Journal of Cancer.

February 13, 2019

Clinical Practice

Be Alert for Severe, Early-Onset Toxicities From 5-Fluorouracil and Capecitabine

Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine (the oral prodrug of 5-FU) are generally well tolerated, patients can experience severe toxicities from either drug that can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. Of the 275,000 patients who receive 5-FU each year, more than 1,300 die from 5-FU toxicity, or approximately 3–4 patients per day.

February 12, 2019

Survival Gains Make CAR T-Cell Therapy Cost-Effective for Pediatric Leukemia

When evaluated based on the cost per life-year gained, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy drug tisgenlecleucel is considered cost effective in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, researchers reported in a new study. The findings were published in JAMA Pediatrics.

February 06, 2019

Patient Quality of Life

What You Need to Know About Caring for Geriatric Patients With Cancer

Cancer is largely a disease of an aged population. Estimates suggest that about 60% of all cancers are diagnosed in individuals aged 65 or older, and that number is expected to increase to 70% by 2030. Yet many nurses have little formal geriatric-specific training to care for this population’s unique needs.

January 08, 2019

Immunotherapy May Increase Risk for Hyperprogressive Lung Cancer

Some patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer may experience increased risk for hyperprogressive disease (HPD), according to results of a study reported in JAMA Oncology.

December 26, 2018

Prostate Cancer

Lack of AR Expression May Cause Prostate Cancer Treatment Resistance

Prostate cancer cells lacking androgen receptor (AR) expression do not respond to treatment and are more likely to grow, researchers reported in study findings published in Nature Communications.

December 24, 2018

Patient Stress Linked to More Advanced Leukemia

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who experience more stress also have more cancer cells in their blood and elevated levels of three other advanced disease markers, according to results of a study published in Cancer. It is the first study to link stress with biologic disease markers in patients with CLL.

December 19, 2018

Cancer Prevention

HPV 9-Valent Vaccine Approved for People Aged 27–45

In October 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration expanded the approved use of the human papillomavirus (HPV) 9-valent vaccine to include women and men aged 27–45 years. Previously, the vaccine had been approved for males and females aged 9–26 years, but the expanded approval was granted after the application had undergone priority review.

December 12, 2018

Manage Afatinib’s Adverse Events to Keep Patients on Treatment

Ongoing therapy with afatinib—an oral, irreversible ErbB family blocker—for as long as it is effective and tolerable is considered first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in patients with EGFR mutations. In their article in the October 2018 issue of the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, Edwards, Adan, Lalla, Lacouture, O’Brien, and Sequist discussed the most common adverse events (AEs) associated with afatinib and their real-life experiences managing them in clinical practice to keep patients on therapy.

December 11, 2018

ONS Past President Sandra Schafer Leaves a Legacy of Compassionate Leadership

From her patients to her colleagues to the entire cancer care community, ONS Past President Sandra Lee Schafer, RN, MN, AOCN^®, made everyone she touched feel special, inspiring and motivating a generation of oncology nurses in advancing care for patients with cancer. Schafer passed away on December 7, 2018, but her legacy of compassion and care lives on.

December 10, 2018

U.S. Spending on Antineoplastics Nearly Doubles From 2011–2016

Dollars spent on cancer drugs increased from $26.8 billion in 2011 to $42.1 billion in 2016, according to the results of a study reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice.

December 05, 2018

Cancer Research

Researchers Win Nobel Prize for Work in Cancer Immunotherapy

Two researchers whose discoveries led to the development of the first cancer immunotherapy treatments, immune checkpoint inhibitors, were awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine in October.

November 28, 2018

WHO Cautions About Inactivity Pandemic and Disease Risk

No improvement in worldwide exercise levels has been seen since 2001, and, in fact, inactivity has worsened, data in a new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated. The findings were published in Lancet Global Health.

November 20, 2018

Recent NSAID Use May Improve Ovarian Cancer Survival

Researchers have found that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) after diagnosis appears to improve survival for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The study results were published in Lancet Oncology.

November 14, 2018

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To discuss the information in this article with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS Communities.

To report a content error, inaccuracy, or typo, email pubONSVoice@ons.org.

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Elisa Becze BA, ELS, Editor

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