Which Gene Plays a Role in Tumor Resistance?

Answer

The answer is C. p53.

Mutations of the p53 gene are associated with malignancies, and research suggests (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201193) that the mutation may increase the risk of chemotherapy resistance.  

A is not correct because NRAS mutations play a role in the development of a variety of cancers and most notably increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, the mutation has not shown to positively or negatively affect response (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/NRAS) to chemotherapy.  

B is not correct because APC gene mutations increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer but have not shown any effect (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/APC) on chemotherapy response. 

D is not correct because the presence of a mutation to the VHL (Von-Hippel-Landau) gene will allow abnormal cell growth and division, leading to remarkably higher cancer rates, but has not demonstrated a significant impact (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/VHL) on response to treatment.